That's how the ball bounces: 6th Circuit says that the ADA does not require a new supervisor as a reasonable accommodation

Cindy Tinsley was so stressed.

How stressed was she?

She was so stressed that even something as simple as her co-workers at Caterpillar Financial Services bouncing stress balls off the ground would trigger her post-traumatic stress disorder.

Maybe you should rethink telling your employee you're firing him becaus of his heart problems

Jonathan Baum worked as a scheduler for Metro Restoration Services. In late 2014, he began have cardiac problems. Over the course of the next several months, he went to the ER fearing a heart attack, had a heart catheter implanted, had an echocardiogram, and wore a heart monitor. He occasionally also missed work for medical tests and treatments, and sometimes worked remotely. His boss, and the owner of Metro, Patrick Cahill, was aware of all of Baum's medical issues.

Following a work day on which Baum had worked remotely from his home. Cahill fired him. The expressly stated reason: "health issues and doctors' appointments."

Oops.

Emotional outbursts as ADA-protected disabilities

The term hysteria comes from the Greek word hysterika, meaning Uterus. In ancient Greece it was believed that a wandering and discontented Uterus was blamed for that dreaded female ailment of excessive emotion, hysteria. The disease's symptoms were believed to be dictated by where in the body the offending organ roamed. It was not religious belief but a social belief.

Hysteria
https://academic.mu.edu/meissnerd/hysteria.html

Less than two months after Jessica Mullen's hysterectomy, she applied for a position as a stitcher with athletic footwear manufacturer New Balance. Within the first few weeks of her employment, her was having difficulty mastering one of the stitching machines, which led to an abrupt and (maybe) heated exchange with her trainer, Julie Prentiss. During that exchange, Mullen became upset and began to cry. Prentiss placed Mullen in a time-out in the break room, and contacted two human resources managers, Frances Fisher and Rachel Merry.

A 💩 disability discrimination case

A call center employee, suffering from Crohn's Disease, asks his manager for some flexibility in the company's break schedules or other accommodations for his bathroom needs. Instead, his supervisor accuses him of stealing time and fires him.

Or at least that's what Nicolas Stover claims happened to him at a Kentucky Amazon call center.

A textbook lesson the ADA's interactive process

Does an employer have an obligation to return an employee to work following an extended unpaid leave of absence granted as a reasonable accommodation under the ADA?

You might be inclined to say, "Of course." The answer, however, is nuanced, and depends on the length of the leave, the composition of your workforce at the time the employee seeks to return to work, and your efforts to engage in the ADA's interactive process with the employee during the leave.

For your consideration: Brunckhorst v. City of Oak Park Heights.

Employees on medical leave aren't bulletproof, but still handle with care

One of the questions that clients ask me most often is, "________ is out on a medical / pregnancy leave (or just returned); can we fire him/her?"

My response, always: "Why?"

Alex, I'll take leave of absence policies for $5.25 million.

A: An employer must have one of these to avoid running afoul of discrimination laws when an employee is out on a medical leave of absence.

Q: What is an open-ended leave of absence policy?

Two employers recently learned this lesson the hard way, care of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

What can "Elf" teach us about the ADA?

Friday night, the Hyman clan carried out our annual holiday tradition of watching "Elf." Since much of the story took place in and around various workplaces, this year I decided to watch with an eye towards shareable employment law lessons.


Early in the story, Buddy learns the harsh reality that he is not actually an elf, but a human. He learns this lesson after falling 985 Etch A Sketches short of his production expectations, and being transferred to Jack-in-the-Box testing (the job reserved for "special" elves).

Assuming that Buddy's height is a disability in the North Pole (and if the ADA protects dwarfs down south, it's safe to assume the North Pole's disability discrimination laws would similarly protect Buddy's heightened height up north), what ADA lessons does this parable teach us?

Do you know? Pre-employment medical examinations

A local mayor has gotten himself in some hot water for his selective use of pre-employment medical examinations for hirees. How selective? According to WKYC, one woman claims that the mayor required her and other women, but not men, to be examined by his personal doctor. For his part, the mayor denies the allegations as an act of a "fertile imagination," and claims that he sends all city workers, male and female, to the same doctor for pre-employment exams.

Why would her allegations rise to the level of unlawful activity?

Essential functions are judged by operational realities, not job descriptions

Tony Gunter worked as a press operator for Bemis, Inc., printing graphics for the outside of Huggies diapers. In January 2013, he injured his right shoulder on the job, continued to work for the next seven months, and ultimately opted for surgery when his ongoing physical therapy did not cure the injury.

He returned to his press operator job in December 2013 with temporary restrictions: no reaching with his right arm and no performing overhead work.

EEOC sues Walmart for not hiring a congential amputee

The EEOC has sued Walmart on behalf of a woman who claims the retailer failed to hire her for a stocker job after it learned that she born without a right hand.

The Houston Chronicle has the details:

I ❤️ my wife, and I ❤️ attendance policies

On August 29, 2003, I married my wife.

The ceremony was to start at 11 am, and by 10:55 I was nervous. Not your normal, "I'm about to get married" nervous, but the, "What the hell, we start in 5 minutes and my bride-to-be isn't here yet" nervous. With no cell phone on me, I just had to have faith that Colleen was on her way. Nevertheless, I was most definitely jittery.

An expensive lesson on disability harassment

With of all of the attention the #MeToo Movement has provided sexual harassment, employers must not forget that all forms of unlawful workplace discrimination include unlawful harassment.

This includes disability harassment.

For example, consider Caldera v. Department of Corrections & Rehabilitation (Cal. Ct. App. 7/9/18).

Are "digital addiction" claims about to invade your workplace?

There is no doubt that addiction is a protected disability under the ADA (and Ohio's parallel law).

Typically, we think of addiction as relating to drugs or alcohol. But, there's a new wave of addictions on the horizon—digital addictions.

Juicing the reasonable accommodation low-hanging fruit

Would you rather spend seven figures to lose a lawsuit, or $1.69 to allow a diabetic employee to drink a bottle of orange juice?

The answer should be pretty clear.

Or maybe not?

6th Circuit offers a good reminder that the ADA is often a bilateral process

Like many people, I would love to have the time to exercise more. Life (and by life, I mean the 10 or more hours per day I'm often at work) gets in the way.

What if, however, you had the available time to exercise during the work day?

Or, for example, consider, McDonald v. UAW-GM Center for Human Resources (6th Cir. 6/21/18), which asks whether an employer is required to grant an extended lunch break as a reasonable accommodation to permit an employee to engage in disability-related exercise.

Per her employer's collective bargaining agreement, Shannon McDonald's employer permitted employees annually to elect whether to take a 60-minute lunch break, or a 30-minute lunch break with two additional non-contiguous 15-minute breaks. In 2014, McDonald opted for latter, yet kept extending her lunch by 30 minutes to exercise. She was born with Crouzon syndrome, a genetic disorder, which caused multiple surgeries over the years. She claimed that exercise helped alleviate pain from those previous surgeries.

The employer, however, caught on to McDonald's extended lunches, refused to permit her to change her annual election, and warned her that a continuing failure to follow its policy on breaks could result in discipline. It did, however, offer her an alternative. In lieu of granting an exception to her annual lunch-break election, the employer offered McDonald the option to use its exercise facility prior to the start of her shift. She refused, however, because she "would rather have been able to switch [her] lunch from a half hour to an hour," and that she did not want to "wake up early if [she] didn't have to."

Ultimately, the employer suspended McDonald. She had submitted a doctor's note asking for 60 minutes of exercise time as an accommodation. While the employer was considering the request, McDonald continued to violate its lunch break rule. That violation resulted in her suspension. While on suspension, she resigned, and sued.

The 6th Circuit affirmed the district court's dismissal of McDonald's ADA claim.

CHR never denied McDonald's request. True, her immediate supervisor told her it was not feasible and suggested alternatives. But the actual decision-makers had not yet rendered their verdict.… But McDonald didn't wait for an answer: she immediately went on personal leave after her suspension and quit just a few weeks after that. "[A]n employee cannot base a disability discrimination claim upon an employer's delay in providing a requested accommodation where the delay is due to internal processing or to events outside the employer's control."

Like many workplace issues, the ADA is a two-way street. An employee cannot claim the Act's protection by shutting down one of those lane and demanding a one-sided process.

Dealing with IEDs in your workplace—employees with intermittent explosive disorder

Every workplace has had THAT employee. The hothead. Someone who loses their cool at the drop of hat. Yells, screams, and is prone to fits of rage.

It should go without saying that no one should be required to be subjected to this degree of misconduct. For this reason, you may (should?) decide to separate Hothead's employment.

What happens, however, if Hothead delivers a doctor's note advising you that he or she is being treated for "intermittent explosive disorder?"

6th Circuit says full-time work is not an essential function of every full-time job

Is an employer required to permit a disabled full-time employee to work a reduced work schedule as a reasonable accommodation?

In Hostettler v. The College of Wooster [pdf], the 6th Circuit concluded that it depends on the specific position, and that an employer risks violating the ADA by declaring full-time work as an essential function of a position without analyzing the actual need for full-time work for that position.

Firing of deaf employee costs Costco a Costco-sized verdict

I've thought a lot of things walking through Costco.

Why aren't the free samples out yet?

What the heck am I going to do with 10 pounds of cheese, but damn that's a good price?

How did I just manage to spend $250?

The one thing I've never thought?

It's so loud in here; I wish the employees would speak more quietly.

Court upholds Postal Service's termination of employee over fear of "going postal"

What do you do when you learn that an employee may pose a risk of violence to your workplace?

Does your opinion change if you learn this information on the eve of the employee returning from a leave of absence for depression or other mental illness?

Mitchell v. U.S. Postal Service (6th Cir. 6/21/18) answers these questions.