Thursday, June 5, 2025

Do you know the difference between legal and illegal interview questions?

You're hiring. Great.
You're asking illegal interview questions. Not so great.

Most employers don't mean to cross the line in interviews. But intent doesn't matter when the EEOC or a process server comes knocking. The law draws a pretty clear line around certain topics. And the moment you ask the wrong question, you've handed a candidate "Exhibit A" in their future discrimination claim.

Here are the obvious Do NOT ask questions:
❌ "Are you pregnant?"
❌ "Do you plan to have kids?"
❌ "What religion do you practice?"
❌ "How old are you?"
❌ "Do you have any disabilities?"
❌ "Are you married?" or "Is that your maiden name?"

But here's where it gets trickier—the not-so-obvious (but still illegal or risky) questions:
🚩 "What year did you graduate?" (Age discrimination)
🚩 "Do you celebrate Pride Month?" (LGBTQ+ discrimination)
🚩 "Have you ever been arrested or convicted of a crime?" (Race discrimination)
🚩 "Who's going to watch your kids while you're at work?" (Gender and caregiver status discrimination)
🚩 "Is English your first language?" (National origin discrimination, unless fluency is essential to the job—and even then, phrase carefully)
🚩 "Are you a U.S. citizen?" (National origin discrimination)
🚩 "Have you ever filed a workers' comp claim?" (ADA violation)
🚩 "We're a young, energetic team—how would you fit in?" (Translation: "We don't want older workers.")
🚩 "Are you a digital native?" (Also age discrimination)
🚩 "Do you go to church in the area?" (Religious discrimination)

If a question reveals (or is designed to reveal) anything about a protected category—race, sex, religion, disability, age, national origin, genetic information, pregnancy status, LGBTQ+ status—don't ask it.

Even small talk can be risky. That "friendly" pre-interview chat about someone's accent, their kids, or what neighborhood they live in? It can easily veer into dangerous territory. If it's not job-related, it doesn't belong in the conversation.

What should you ask instead?
✅ "Tell me about your experience managing projects on a tight deadline."
✅ "This role requires occasional weekend work. Are you available for that?"
✅ "This position involves lifting up to 30 pounds. Are you able to meet that requirement, with or without accommodation?"
✅ "Are you legally authorized to work in the U.S.?"

The bottom line: A great interview helps you hire a great employee. A bad one helps a rejected applicant build their discrimination case.

Train your interviewers. Use a script. Review your questions. Don't wing it. Compliance is cheaper than litigation.